Independent · non-commercial · publishes on a quarterly cycle|Current cycle 2026 Q3
Compound Evidence InstituteEvidence synthesis · established 2023Graded assessments of compounds, trials, methods and supply
Document set current to 30 July 2026
Evidence synthesis · §3

Nationally registered neuropeptides and the retrievability of their evidence base — included and excluded studies

The included-studies table with extracted data, the exclusions with reasons, and the risk-of-bias judgements.

Document identifier
CEI-ES-017/3
Series
Evidence synthesis
Version
1.1
Published
13 May 2026
Last reviewed
13 May 2026
Next review
13 Nov 2027
Identifier
10.71829/cei.syn.17
Certainty
Very low
Cycle
2026 Q2
Review type
Methodological review
Search executed
29 Mar 2026

§3Included and excluded studies

Every study contributing to this review is listed below with the data extracted from it. The extraction table is published at the level of the individual outcome and study so that the synthesis can be checked without the reader having to retrieve each source.

§3.1Included studies

Table 4. Included studies with the characteristics extracted from each.

StudyDesignRandomisedDurationAnchor outcome as reportedYear
EPI-RU-ELDERLYEpithalonObservationalMulti-yearThe Institute has not been able to obtain a protocol, a randomisation procedure or an analysis plan for the reports circulated under this name and grades all…
SELANK-RU-ANXIETYSelankObservationalNot recordedAs for semax. The Institute records the absence of a retrievable controlled trial
SEMAX-RU-COGNITIVESemaxObservationalNot recordedRegistered in the Russian Federation on a national evidence base the Institute has not been able to retrieve in full. No trial meeting the Institute’s…
SEMAX-RU-STROKESemaxObservationalNot recordedAs above. The Institute grades all claims for this compound very low certainty for absence of retrievable evidence, which is distinct from evidence of absence
THYMALIN-RU-1ThymalinObservationalNot recordedThe Institute has not obtained a retrievable protocol or analysis plan and grades claims for this compound very low certainty
5 included studies. Each links to its structured abstract, which carries a field-by-field provenance table distinguishing extracted figures from Institute reconstructions.

Contributing participants across studies reporting a randomised total: 0. Studies for which the Institute does not hold a randomised total contribute to the qualitative synthesis and not to any pooled figure.

§3.2Excluded at full text, with reasons

Table 5. Reports excluded at full text, by reason. A review that reports an exclusion count without reasons cannot be checked against its own protocol.

Reason for exclusionReports
Not a randomised comparison6
Population outside the review question6
Intervention outside the review question6
Comparator not eligible5
No eligible outcome reported5
Duplicate report of an included study4
Conference abstract without extractable data3
Retracted or subject to an expression of concern2
25 reports excluded at full text in total.

§3.3Risk of bias across included studies

Table 6. Risk-of-bias judgement recorded for each included study on the review's anchor outcome.

StudyRisk of biasInconsistencyIndirectnessImprecisionPublication bias
EPI-RU-ELDERLYLowLowLowLowHigh
SELANK-RU-ANXIETYSomeSomeLowLowLow
SEMAX-RU-COGNITIVELowLowSomeLowSome
SEMAX-RU-STROKELowSomeLowSomeLow
THYMALIN-RU-1LowLowSomeLowSome
Judgements are the Institute's own and are recorded per outcome. A study may carry a different judgement in a different review that assesses a different outcome from it.
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