Independent · non-commercial · publishes on a quarterly cycle|Current cycle 2026 Q3
Compound Evidence InstituteEvidence synthesis · established 2023Graded assessments of compounds, trials, methods and supply
Document set current to 30 July 2026
Indication assessment · Immunological

Immune modulation and adjunctive immunotherapy — indication assessment

Pharmacological modification of innate or adaptive immune function, assessed by cell counts, functional assays and clinical infection or oncological endpoints.

Document identifier
CEI-IN-28
Series
Indication assessment
Version
1.0
Published
27 Apr 2026
Last reviewed
27 Apr 2026
Next review
27 Apr 2028
Identifier
10.71829/cei.ind.28
Certainty
Not rated
Cycle
2026 Q2
ICD-11
4A00
Category
Immunological

§1Assessment

§1.1Definition

Pharmacological modification of innate or adaptive immune function, assessed by cell counts, functional assays and clinical infection or oncological endpoints.

§1.2Anchor and additional outcomes

The Institute designates one anchor outcome per indication so that estimates for different compounds are reported on a common measure. The anchor for this indication is the first outcome below.

  1. CD4 and CD8 counts
  2. Response to vaccination
  3. Infection incidence
  4. Tumour response where applicable

§1.3State of the evidence

Distribution of certainty ratingsShare of assessed outcomes at each certainty level.5compounds
HighModerateLowVery low
Figure 1. Certainty ratings across the 5 compounds the Institute assesses for this indication. A high rating for one compound says nothing about another.

The Institute assesses 5 compounds in this indication, drawing on 24 trial records and 5 evidence syntheses. [1,2]

References cited on this page

References are numbered in order of first citation in this document. Each superscript in the text links to its entry below.

  1. Garaci E, Pica F, Serafino A, Balestrieri E, Matteucci C, Moroni G, Sorrentino R, Zonfrillo M, Pierimarchi P, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P. Thymosin α1 and cancer: action on immune effector and tumor target cells. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2007;1112:225–234. doi:10.1196/annals.1415.025 · PMID 17567944
  2. D’Hondt M, Bracke N, Taevernier L, Gevaert B, Verbeke F, Wynendaele E, De Spiegeleer B. Related impurities in peptide medicines. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 2014;101:2–30. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.012 · PMID 25044089

Identifiers are reproduced only where the Institute holds them. Where a digital object identifier or PubMed identifier is not shown, the Institute has recorded the journal and year and has not constructed an identifier.

Nothing published by the Institute is medical advice, a diagnosis, a prescription, a treatment recommendation or a purchasing recommendation. Compounds supplied for research use are not approved for human or veterinary use in any jurisdiction, and a favourable analytical assessment of a supplier is not a statement that any product is safe or effective. The Institute publishes certainty ratings and never recommendations. No telephone number, messaging handle or ordering channel appears anywhere on this site.