Thymosin alpha-1 in immune modulation and adjunctive immunotherapy: durability of effect — included and excluded studies
The included-studies table with extracted data, the exclusions with reasons, and the risk-of-bias judgements.
Templated review frame. This review question was generated by crossing an indication with a compound for which contributing trials exist. Its prose frame is templated and is shared with other questions of the same shape. Its included studies, its summary of findings and its certainty rating are computed from the underlying records and are not templated. The Institute publishes these questions because the alternative is to leave a question the document set can answer unanswered, and it labels them because the alternative is to present a templated frame as an authored one.
§3Included and excluded studies
Every study contributing to this review is listed below with the data extracted from it. The extraction table is published at the level of the individual outcome and study so that the synthesis can be checked without the reader having to retrieve each source.
§3.1Included studies
Table 4. Included studies with the characteristics extracted from each.
| Study | Design | Randomised | Duration | Anchor outcome as reported | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TA1-SEPSIS-CNThymosin alpha-1 | Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled | 361 | 28 days | A mortality difference reported in a single-country trial that has not been replicated internationally | 2013 |
| TA1-HCV-1Thymosin alpha-1 | Randomised, double-blind, active-controlled | — | 48 weeks | An adjunctive effect in combination regimens now superseded by direct-acting antivirals | 2004 |
| TA1-HBV-1Thymosin alpha-1 | Randomised, double-blind, active-controlled | — | 52 weeks | A modest effect relative to interferon comparators; approved for this indication in several jurisdictions | 2001 |
| TA1-VACCINE-ELDERLYThymosin alpha-1 | Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled | — | 8 weeks | Higher antibody titres reported; clinical outcomes were not assessed | 1998 |
| 4 included studies. Each links to its structured abstract, which carries a field-by-field provenance table distinguishing extracted figures from Institute reconstructions. | |||||
Contributing participants across studies reporting a randomised total: 361. Studies for which the Institute does not hold a randomised total contribute to the qualitative synthesis and not to any pooled figure.
§3.2Excluded at full text, with reasons
Table 5. Reports excluded at full text, by reason. A review that reports an exclusion count without reasons cannot be checked against its own protocol.
| Reason for exclusion | Reports |
|---|---|
| Not a randomised comparison | 5 |
| Population outside the review question | 6 |
| Intervention outside the review question | 7 |
| Comparator not eligible | 3 |
| No eligible outcome reported | 2 |
| Duplicate report of an included study | 9 |
| Conference abstract without extractable data | 7 |
| Retracted or subject to an expression of concern | 6 |
| 32 reports excluded at full text in total. | |
§3.3Risk of bias across included studies
Table 6. Risk-of-bias judgement recorded for each included study on the review's anchor outcome.
| Study | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TA1-SEPSIS-CN | Low | Some | Low | Low | Low |
| TA1-HCV-1 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some |
| TA1-HBV-1 | Low | Low | Some | Low | Low |
| TA1-VACCINE-ELDERLY | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some |
| Judgements are the Institute's own and are recorded per outcome. A study may carry a different judgement in a different review that assesses a different outcome from it. | |||||
References cited on this page
References are numbered in order of first citation in this document. Each superscript in the text links to its entry below.
- Garaci E, Pica F, Serafino A, Balestrieri E, Matteucci C, Moroni G, Sorrentino R, Zonfrillo M, Pierimarchi P, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P. Thymosin α1 and cancer: action on immune effector and tumor target cells. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2007;1112:225–234. doi:10.1196/annals.1415.025 · PMID 17567944
Identifiers are reproduced only where the Institute holds them. Where a digital object identifier or PubMed identifier is not shown, the Institute has recorded the journal and year and has not constructed an identifier.