GHK-Cu in cutaneous wound healing and tissue repair: effect on the anchor outcome — summary of findings
Outcome-by-outcome summary with effect, certainty and the reason for each downgrade.
Templated review frame. This review question was generated by crossing an indication with a compound for which contributing trials exist. Its prose frame is templated and is shared with other questions of the same shape. Its included studies, its summary of findings and its certainty rating are computed from the underlying records and are not templated. The Institute publishes these questions because the alternative is to leave a question the document set can answer unanswered, and it labels them because the alternative is to present a templated frame as an authored one.
§4Summary of findings
§4.1Summary of findings
Table 7. Summary of findings for GHK-Cu in cutaneous wound healing and tissue repair: effect on the anchor outcome.
| Outcome | Participants (studies) | Effect as reported | Certainty | Reason for downgrade |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to complete closureThe outcome the Institute designates as anchor for this indication. | — (2) | Directionally consistent with the companion study; no injectable presentation has been evaluated in a controlled trial | Low | indirectness, publication bias |
| Discontinuation for adverse eventsReported as a summary-of-findings row rather than in a tolerability annex, following a public submission. | — (1) | Reported per contributing trial; see the included-studies table | Low | publication bias |
| Serious adverse eventsEvent counts are low; the estimate is imprecise by construction. | — (2) | Reported per contributing trial; see the included-studies table | Very low | inconsistency, imprecision, publication bias |
| Any adverse eventAscertained by spontaneous report in the contributing trials. | — (2) | Reported per contributing trial; see the included-studies table | Very low | indirectness, imprecision |
| Percentage area reductionA secondary outcome for this indication. Its hierarchical position within each contributing trial is recorded on that trial's abstract where the Institute holds it. | — (1) | Reported as a secondary outcome in a subset of contributing trials | Very low | risk of bias, imprecision |
| Scar assessment scaleA secondary outcome for this indication. Its hierarchical position within each contributing trial is recorded on that trial's abstract where the Institute holds it. | — (1) | Reported as a secondary outcome in a subset of contributing trials | Very low | indirectness, imprecision |
| Certainty ratings describe confidence in the effect estimate for the stated outcome. They are not recommendations and do not transfer between outcomes. | ||||
§4.2Forest plot
§4.3Certainty assessment for the anchor outcome
Table 8. Reasoning recorded against each certainty domain for the anchor outcome.
| Domain | Rating | Reasoning |
|---|---|---|
| Risk of bias | No concern | No serious concern identified in this domain. |
| Inconsistency | No concern | No serious concern identified in this domain. |
| Indirectness | Serious | An outcome that would answer the question was not measured in any contributing trial. |
| Imprecision | No concern | No serious concern identified in this domain. |
| Publication bias | Serious | Registered trials without posted results were identified for this question. |
| Overall: Low certainty. Confidence in the effect estimate is limited. The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate. | ||
References cited on this page
References are numbered in order of first citation in this document. Each superscript in the text links to its entry below.
- Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and protective actions of the GHK-Cu peptide in the light of the new gene data. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2018;19(7):1987. doi:10.3390/ijms19071987 · PMID 29986520
- D’Hondt M, Bracke N, Taevernier L, Gevaert B, Verbeke F, Wynendaele E, De Spiegeleer B. Related impurities in peptide medicines. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 2014;101:2–30. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.012 · PMID 25044089
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