Independent · non-commercial · publishes on a quarterly cycle|Current cycle 2026 Q3
Compound Evidence InstituteEvidence synthesis · established 2023Graded assessments of compounds, trials, methods and supply
Document set current to 30 July 2026
Trial abstract · §3

GHKCU-TOPICAL-2 — results

Primary endpoint, absolute and relative effect where derivable, and harms as reported.

Document identifier
CEI-TR-0118/3
Series
Trial abstract
Version
3.4
Published
02 Mar 2023
Last reviewed
02 May 2024
Next review
02 May 2026
Identifier
10.71829/cei.trial.118
Certainty
Low
Cycle
2023 Q1
Phase
Phase 2
Status
Reported

§3Results

§3.1Primary endpoint

Table 3. Primary endpoint as reported.

EndpointResult as reportedCertainty
Change in wrinkle depth and skin densityDirectionally consistent with the companion study; no injectable presentation has been evaluated in a controlled trialLow
Reproduced from the published report. Where the report states a confidence interval the Institute reproduces it; where it does not, none is constructed.

§3.2Endpoint hierarchy

§3.3Harms as reported

Table 5. Adverse events for GHK-Cu from the safety tables the Institute holds for this compound. Where a row names a different trial as its source, the figure is from that trial and not from this one.

EventActive, %Comparator, %Source trial
Local irritationReported with topical use
Copper accumulationSystemic administration of a copper chelate raises a copper-loading question that no study has addressed
Injection-site reactionReported anecdotally with subcutaneous use
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