Trial abstract · §3
GHKCU-TOPICAL-1 — results
Primary endpoint, absolute and relative effect where derivable, and harms as reported.
§3Results
§3.1Primary endpoint
Table 3. Primary endpoint as reported.
| Endpoint | Result as reported | Certainty |
|---|---|---|
| Change in photodamage severity score after topical application | Improvement in skin appearance measures in cosmetic-standard studies. The Institute records that these do not establish any systemic effect | Low |
| Reproduced from the published report. Where the report states a confidence interval the Institute reproduces it; where it does not, none is constructed. | ||
§3.2Endpoint hierarchy
§3.3Harms as reported
Table 5. Adverse events for GHK-Cu from the safety tables the Institute holds for this compound. Where a row names a different trial as its source, the figure is from that trial and not from this one.
| Event | Active, % | Comparator, % | Source trial |
|---|---|---|---|
| Local irritation | — | — | Reported with topical use |
| Copper accumulation | — | — | Systemic administration of a copper chelate raises a copper-loading question that no study has addressed |
| Injection-site reaction | — | — | Reported anecdotally with subcutaneous use |
Compound Evidence Institute · CEI-TR-0117/3 · https://compoundevidence.com/trials/ghkcu-topical-1/results/ · retrieved 30 July 2026