Independent · non-commercial · publishes on a quarterly cycle|Current cycle 2026 Q3
Compound Evidence InstituteEvidence synthesis · established 2023Graded assessments of compounds, trials, methods and supply
Document set current to 30 July 2026
Evidence synthesis · Methodological review

Distribution of access to obesity pharmacotherapy

How is access to incretin-based obesity pharmacotherapy distributed, and what does the pattern of unregulated supply indicate about it?

Document identifier
CEI-ES-035
Series
Evidence synthesis
Version
1.3
Published
05 Nov 2024
Last reviewed
05 Mar 2025
Next review
05 Sep 2026
Identifier
10.71829/cei.syn.35
Certainty
Low
Cycle
2024 Q4
Review type
Methodological review
Search executed
11 Sep 2024

§1Abstract

§1.1Review question

How is access to incretin-based obesity pharmacotherapy distributed, and what does the pattern of unregulated supply indicate about it?

§1.2PICO frame

Table 1. The registered PICO frame. Any change made after protocol registration is recorded in the amendment log at §5 and is identified there as post hoc.

ElementAs registered
PopulationAdults meeting the eligibility criteria of the pivotal trials.
InterventionAccess to an approved presentation.
ComparatorNo access, or access through an unregulated channel.
OutcomesTreatment initiation; persistence; the composition of unregulated demand.

§1.3Method in brief

A review whose unit of analysis is a study characteristic rather than a treatment effect. The protocol was registered with the Institute's secretariat before the search was executed. The search was run on 11 September 2024 across 8 sources and is reproduced in full at §2. Screening, extraction and certainty assessment were performed independently by two members of the secretariat with disagreement resolved by a third.

§1.4Conclusion

Low certainty evidence indicates that eligibility under the pivotal trial criteria substantially exceeds treated prevalence in every jurisdiction for which the Institute could obtain data, and that unregulated supply is concentrated in exactly the compounds whose approved presentations are supply-constrained or not reimbursed. The Institute records this as context rather than as a finding about any compound, and states plainly that it does not follow from an access gap that unregulated supply is a reasonable substitute; the quality evidence in this document set indicates the opposite.

The conclusion rests on 24 contributing studies, listed with their extracted data at §3 and summarised outcome by outcome at §4.

§1.5Limitations

Nothing published by the Institute is medical advice, a diagnosis, a prescription, a treatment recommendation or a purchasing recommendation. Compounds supplied for research use are not approved for human or veterinary use in any jurisdiction, and a favourable analytical assessment of a supplier is not a statement that any product is safe or effective. The Institute publishes certainty ratings and never recommendations. No telephone number, messaging handle or ordering channel appears anywhere on this site.