Independent · non-commercial · publishes on a quarterly cycle|Current cycle 2026 Q3
Compound Evidence InstituteEvidence synthesis · established 2023Graded assessments of compounds, trials, methods and supply
Document set current to 30 July 2026
Indication assessment · §2

Adjunctive therapy in type 1 diabetes — evidence across compounds

Every compound the Institute assesses in adjunctive therapy in type 1 diabetes, with its certainty rating.

Document identifier
CEI-IN-12/2
Series
Indication assessment
Version
2.2
Published
30 Jan 2024
Last reviewed
30 Jan 2024
Next review
30 Jan 2026
Identifier
10.71829/cei.ind.12
Certainty
Not rated
Cycle
2024 Q1
ICD-11
5A10
Category
Metabolic

§2Evidence across compounds

Every compound the Institute assesses in this indication, with the effect as recorded, the certainty rating and the contributing trials. Effects are reported on the anchor outcome where the contributing trials measured it and on the outcome the trial actually reported where they did not.

Table 1. Compounds assessed in adjunctive therapy in type 1 diabetes, ordered by certainty.

CompoundEffect as recordedInterval as reportedCertaintyTrials
LiraglutideGLP-1 receptor agonist (acylated, once-daily)HbA1c reduction of approximately 0.2 % with increased hypoglycaemia and hyperketonaemiasmall effect, adverse safety trade-offModerate2
PramlintideAmylin analogue, short-actingHbA1c reduction of approximately 0.3 % with weight reduction of 1.4 kg and reduced insulin requirementestimated HbA1c difference −0.3 % (95 % CI −0.4 to −0.2)Moderate1
Estimates in this table are not on a common scale and must not be subtracted from one another. Where a comparison between two compounds has been made directly, it appears in a synthesis and not here.
Compounds assessed in Type 1 diabetes (adjunct)Point estimates with confidence intervals for each contributing study, plotted against the line of no effect.0.00.20.40.60.8Standardised direction and relative magnitudeCompoundEffect as recordedLiraglutideModerate certaintyHbA1c reduction of approximately…PramlintideModerate certaintyHbA1c reduction of approximately…
Moderate or high certaintyLow or very low certainty
Figure 1. Illustrative. Compounds assessed in this indication, plotted on a common standardised axis so that direction and relative magnitude can be compared at a glance. The estimates are not on a common natural scale and the intervals are the Institute's standardised representation of the reported precision rather than published confidence intervals.

§2.1Syntheses bearing on this indication

References cited on this page

References are numbered in order of first citation in this document. Each superscript in the text links to its entry below.

  1. Pi-Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, Greenway F, Halpern A, Krempf M, Lau DCW, le Roux CW, Violante Ortiz R, Jensen CB, Wilding JPH. A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management. New England Journal of Medicine 2015;373(1):11–22. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1411892 · PMID 26132939
  2. Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, Kristensen P, Mann JFE, Nauck MA, Nissen SE, Pocock S, Poulter NR, Ravn LS, Steinberg WM, Stockner M, Zinman B, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine 2016;375(4):311–322. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1603827 · PMID 27295427

Identifiers are reproduced only where the Institute holds them. Where a digital object identifier or PubMed identifier is not shown, the Institute has recorded the journal and year and has not constructed an identifier.

Nothing published by the Institute is medical advice, a diagnosis, a prescription, a treatment recommendation or a purchasing recommendation. Compounds supplied for research use are not approved for human or veterinary use in any jurisdiction, and a favourable analytical assessment of a supplier is not a statement that any product is safe or effective. The Institute publishes certainty ratings and never recommendations. No telephone number, messaging handle or ordering channel appears anywhere on this site.