Biological ageing and healthspan endpoints — evidence across compounds
Every compound the Institute assesses in biological ageing and healthspan endpoints, with its certainty rating.
§2Evidence across compounds
Every compound the Institute assesses in this indication, with the effect as recorded, the certainty rating and the contributing trials. Effects are reported on the anchor outcome where the contributing trials measured it and on the outcome the trial actually reported where they did not.
Table 1. Compounds assessed in biological ageing and healthspan endpoints, ordered by certainty.
| Compound | Effect as recorded | Interval as reported | Certainty | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-amino-1MQSmall-molecule nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibitor | No human trial identified | — | Very low | 0 |
| CJC-1295Growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogue with… | No randomised human evidence identified | — | Very low | 0 |
| EpithalonSynthetic tetrapeptide | Russian observational and small controlled reports describe mortality and functional differences over multi-year follow-up | not extractable to the Institute's standard; allocation and follow-up methodology are not described adequately | Very low | 1 |
| GHK-CuCopper(II)-complexed tripeptide | No randomised human evidence for any systemic ageing endpoint | — | Very low | 0 |
| GlutathioneEndogenous tripeptide thiol antioxidant | No randomised evidence for any ageing endpoint | — | Very low | 0 |
| MOTS-cMitochondrial-derived 16-residue peptide | No randomised controlled human trial identified | — | Very low | 0 |
| NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)Endogenous pyridine dinucleotide coenzyme | No randomised controlled human trial of administered NAD+ on any ageing endpoint identified | — | Very low | 0 |
| SermorelinGrowth-hormone-releasing hormone fragment analogue | No randomised human evidence identified | — | Very low | 0 |
| ThymalinThymic peptide extract of undefined composition | No assessable evidence identified | — | Very low | 0 |
| Estimates in this table are not on a common scale and must not be subtracted from one another. Where a comparison between two compounds has been made directly, it appears in a synthesis and not here. | ||||
§2.1Syntheses bearing on this indication
References cited on this page
References are numbered in order of first citation in this document. Each superscript in the text links to its entry below.
- Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, Sallam T, Martin-Montalvo A, Wan J, Kim SJ, Mehta H, Hevener AL, de Cabo R, Cohen P. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metabolism 2015;21(3):443–454. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009 · PMID 25738459
- International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. ICH Q3C(R9) Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents. ICH Harmonised Guideline 2024;Step 4 version. identifier not held by the Institute
Identifiers are reproduced only where the Institute holds them. Where a digital object identifier or PubMed identifier is not shown, the Institute has recorded the journal and year and has not constructed an identifier.