Independent · non-commercial · publishes on a quarterly cycle|Current cycle 2026 Q3
Compound Evidence InstituteEvidence synthesis · established 2023Graded assessments of compounds, trials, methods and supply
Document set current to 30 July 2026
Public comment period · §2

Draft monograph: Liraglutide — submissions

The 8 submissions received, published in full with declared interests and secretariat responses.

Document identifier
CEI-CP-061/2
Series
Public comment period
Version
1.0
Published
06 Sep 2025
Last reviewed
06 Sep 2025
Next review
06 Sep 2026
Identifier
10.71829/cei.cp.61
Certainty
Not rated
Cycle
2025 Q3
Window
17 Jul 2025 – 16 Aug 2025
Status
Closed
Submissions
8

§2Submissions and responses

8 submissions were received. Each is published in full below with its declared interest, the secretariat response and the disposition. The Institute publishes submissions it did not accept in the same form as those it did.

Dr Kamila Glendinning-Uche, MD, MRCP Independent analytical consultancy
DRAFT-LIRAGLUTIDE-/004 received 18 Jul 2025

The absence of a rare harm in the trial set is presented as reassurance

The draft states that a specific serious event was not observed in the contributing trials. The respondent states that trials of the size conducted here could not have detected an event at the frequency in question, and that reporting the absence without that arithmetic converts an uninformative result into a reassuring one.

The respondent proposes that the detectable frequency be stated wherever the absence of an event is reported.

Declared interest. Holds a patent relating to a delivery technology referenced in the draft.
Secretariat responseAccepted08 Sep 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission. The Institute's own framework treats an absent event in an underpowered set as uninformative, and the draft departed from it.

Wherever the monograph reports that an event was not observed, it now states the total exposure and the frequency the contributing trials could have detected, so that the absence is read as the limit of the evidence rather than as a finding.

Zdenka Ximenes, MPharm, MRPharmS Academic nephrology unit
DRAFT-LIRAGLUTIDE-/003 received 24 Jul 2025

The monograph does not tell a reader that a stated mass may be substantially counter-ion and water

The draft quotes vial contents in milligrams without stating whether the figure refers to peptide content or to total solids. For an acetate or trifluoroacetate salt of a peptide, the difference between the two can exceed a fifth of the stated mass.

The respondent, an analytical chemist, states that this is the single most consequential misreading in the field and that a monograph that does not address it directly is leaving the reader to discover it.

Declared interest. Is a trustee of a patient organisation that has received a restricted educational grant from a manufacturer in the class under assessment.
Secretariat responseAccepted24 Aug 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission. Moderate certainty evidence from published analytical surveys suggests that content and total solids are routinely conflated in supply documentation, and the draft did not warn the reader.

The monograph now states, at the point where vial contents are first mentioned, that a mass figure is uninterpretable unless it states whether it is peptide content or total solids, and cross-references the content standard in the analytical series.

Dr Henrike Jastrzębska, MSc, CChem Academic sports-medicine and anti-doping laboratory
DRAFT-LIRAGLUTIDE-/007 received 27 Jul 2025

Regulatory status is stated without naming the jurisdiction

The draft states that the compound is approved, or not approved, without saying by whom. The respondent, employed by a health-technology assessment body, states that approval status differs between jurisdictions for several compounds in the series and that an unqualified statement will be wrong somewhere.

The respondent proposes that every status statement name the authority and carry the date on which the status was checked.

Declared interest. No interest to declare. The respondent is a graduate student and states that the submission forms no part of any assessed work.
Secretariat responseAccepted06 Sep 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission. An unattributed status statement is a claim the Institute cannot support.

Every regulatory status statement now names the authority, states the date on which the status was verified, and is recorded per jurisdiction rather than as a single global assertion.

Dr Quintus Rautavaara, PhD (Pharmacology) Hospital microbiology and endotoxin testing service
DRAFT-LIRAGLUTIDE-/006 received 29 Jul 2025

Mechanistic claims for a peptide fragment are carried without evidence that the fragment acts as described

The respondent states that the draft repeats a mechanistic account originating in supply documentation rather than in the primary literature, and that the account attributes activity to a fragment on the basis of the activity of the parent molecule.

The respondent proposes that any mechanistic claim be traceable to a primary source and removed where it is not.

Declared interest. Has received travel support to attend a scientific meeting from a manufacturer of a compound named in the draft.
Secretariat responseAccepted06 Sep 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission. A mechanism repeated from marketing material has no evidential status regardless of how widely it is repeated.

Mechanistic claims not traceable to a primary source are removed, and those retained carry their source and a statement of whether the underlying work was conducted in vitro, in animals or in humans.

Dr Gervase Crickhowell, MD, MPH Primary-care research network
DRAFT-LIRAGLUTIDE-/005 received 31 Jul 2025

Storage and reconstitution guidance is given without stating what it rests on

The draft states storage conditions and a period of use after reconstitution. The respondent asks what evidence supports the period, and states that in the absence of a stability study on this presentation the figure is a convention rather than a finding.

The respondent proposes that any in-use period be accompanied by the stability evidence that produced it, or removed.

Declared interest. No financial or non-financial interest to declare in relation to the subject of this consultation.
Secretariat responseAccepted in part24 Aug 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission in part. The period is retained where a stability study on a comparable presentation exists and is cited. Where no such study exists the figure is removed rather than annotated, because an annotated figure is still a figure a reader will use.

In-use periods now appear only where supported by a cited stability determination on a stated presentation, and elsewhere the monograph records that no in-use stability evidence was identified for this presentation.

Dr Liesbeth Delacroix-Njoku, MD, PhD, FESC ISO/IEC 17025-accredited contract testing laboratory
DRAFT-LIRAGLUTIDE-/008 received 01 Aug 2025

Trials are described as terminated where they completed as planned

The respondent states that the draft uses the word terminated for trials stopped at pre-specified interim analyses, for trials stopped for futility and for trials closed for commercial reasons, and that these are three different facts.

The respondent proposes that the status vocabulary be fixed and defined in the glossary.

Declared interest. Employed by a health technology assessment body that has issued guidance on a compound named in the draft.
Secretariat responseAccepted in part06 Sep 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission in part. The vocabulary is fixed and defined. The proposal to distinguish commercial closure from futility in every case is accepted only where the Institute holds a document stating the reason.

Trial status now uses a fixed vocabulary defined in the glossary, and where the reason for stopping is not evidenced by a document the Institute holds, the status is recorded as stopped with the reason not established rather than assigned.

Dr Liesbeth Zaleski-Mbeki, MD, FRCPath Academic biostatistics group · industry submission
DRAFT-LIRAGLUTIDE-/001 received 14 Aug 2025

Two factual descriptions of the sponsor's programme are inaccurate

The submission is made on behalf of the marketing-authorisation holder and is confined to two matters of fact. The draft describes a trial as terminated where the sponsor closed it at a pre-specified interim analysis, and gives a dose in a unit that does not match the approved labelling.

Supporting documentation, comprising the published trial report and the current summary of product characteristics, accompanied the submission. No view is expressed on the certainty ratings, which the sponsor considers a matter for the assessment committee.

Declared interest. Is an employee of a marketing-authorisation holder for a compound named in the draft. This submission is made on behalf of that company and is identified as an industry submission throughout.
Secretariat responseAccepted24 Aug 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission. Both points are matters of fact, both were checkable against documents the Institute holds, and both were wrong in the draft.

The trial status now reads as completed at a pre-specified interim analysis, with the analysis identified, and the dose is stated in the unit used in the approved labelling. The submission is identified as an industry submission on its face in accordance with the conflicts policy.

Dr Eamon Immelmann, MD, DPhil Metabolic medicine service, tertiary centre
DRAFT-LIRAGLUTIDE-/002 received 15 Aug 2025

The pharmacokinetic section does not connect half-life to the dosing schedule

The draft reports a half-life and, separately, a dosing interval. The respondent, a clinical pharmacologist, states that the relationship between the two is what determines accumulation and time to steady state, and that the monograph leaves the reader to derive it.

The respondent proposes that time to steady state be stated explicitly, with the assumption from which it was derived.

Declared interest. No financial interest. Has published a systematic review reaching a different conclusion from the draft, which the respondent declares as a non-financial interest.
Secretariat responseAccepted17 Sep 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission. The derivation is short, it is decision-relevant, and leaving it to the reader invites it to be done wrong.

The pharmacokinetic section now states approximate time to steady state alongside the half-life and dosing interval, with the assumption of first-order elimination stated, and records where the assumption is not supported for this compound.

References cited on this page

References are numbered in order of first citation in this document. Each superscript in the text links to its entry below.

  1. International Organization for Standardization. ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories. ISO/IEC Standard 2017;3rd edition. identifier not held by the Institute

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