Independent · non-commercial · publishes on a quarterly cycle|Current cycle 2026 Q3
Compound Evidence InstituteEvidence synthesis · established 2023Graded assessments of compounds, trials, methods and supply
Document set current to 30 July 2026
Public comment period · §2

Draft monograph: GHK-Cu — submissions

The 7 submissions received, published in full with declared interests and secretariat responses.

Document identifier
CEI-CP-050/2
Series
Public comment period
Version
1.0
Published
27 Feb 2025
Last reviewed
27 Feb 2025
Next review
27 Feb 2026
Identifier
10.71829/cei.cp.50
Certainty
Not rated
Cycle
2025 Q1
Window
11 Jan 2025 – 08 Feb 2025
Status
Closed
Submissions
7

§2Submissions and responses

7 submissions were received. Each is published in full below with its declared interest, the secretariat response and the disposition. The Institute publishes submissions it did not accept in the same form as those it did.

Dr Yehudit Yorkstone, MD, MPH Primary-care research network
DRAFT-GHK-CU-MONOG/003 received 12 Jan 2025

The pharmacokinetic section does not connect half-life to the dosing schedule

The draft reports a half-life and, separately, a dosing interval. The respondent, a clinical pharmacologist, states that the relationship between the two is what determines accumulation and time to steady state, and that the monograph leaves the reader to derive it.

The respondent proposes that time to steady state be stated explicitly, with the assumption from which it was derived.

Declared interest. Is an employee of a marketing-authorisation holder for a compound named in the draft. This submission is made on behalf of that company and is identified as an industry submission throughout.
Secretariat responseAccepted17 Feb 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission. The derivation is short, it is decision-relevant, and leaving it to the reader invites it to be done wrong.

The pharmacokinetic section now states approximate time to steady state alongside the half-life and dosing interval, with the assumption of first-order elimination stated, and records where the assumption is not supported for this compound.

Radoslava Palmgren-Kofi, PhD (Medicinal Chemistry) University department of public health
DRAFT-GHK-CU-MONOG/006 received 17 Jan 2025

Regulatory status is stated without naming the jurisdiction

The draft states that the compound is approved, or not approved, without saying by whom. The respondent, employed by a health-technology assessment body, states that approval status differs between jurisdictions for several compounds in the series and that an unqualified statement will be wrong somewhere.

The respondent proposes that every status statement name the authority and carry the date on which the status was checked.

Declared interest. Has received honoraria for educational lectures from a marketing-authorisation holder of a compound named in the draft, within the preceding three years.
Secretariat responseAccepted07 Mar 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission. An unattributed status statement is a claim the Institute cannot support.

Every regulatory status statement now names the authority, states the date on which the status was verified, and is recorded per jurisdiction rather than as a single global assertion.

Dr Melisande Thorsby-Nakamura, PhD (Medicinal Chemistry) University department of public health · industry submission
DRAFT-GHK-CU-MONOG/004 received 23 Jan 2025

Two factual descriptions of the sponsor's programme are inaccurate

The submission is made on behalf of the marketing-authorisation holder and is confined to two matters of fact. The draft describes a trial as terminated where the sponsor closed it at a pre-specified interim analysis, and gives a dose in a unit that does not match the approved labelling.

Supporting documentation, comprising the published trial report and the current summary of product characteristics, accompanied the submission. No view is expressed on the certainty ratings, which the sponsor considers a matter for the assessment committee.

Declared interest. Is an employee of a marketing-authorisation holder for a compound named in the draft. This submission is made on behalf of that company and is identified as an industry submission throughout.
Secretariat responseAccepted02 Mar 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission. Both points are matters of fact, both were checkable against documents the Institute holds, and both were wrong in the draft.

The trial status now reads as completed at a pre-specified interim analysis, with the analysis identified, and the dose is stated in the unit used in the approved labelling. The submission is identified as an industry submission on its face in accordance with the conflicts policy.

Dr Jacinta Grünbaum-Sowande, PhD (Bioanalysis) University department of hepatology
DRAFT-GHK-CU-MONOG/001 received 25 Jan 2025

The analytical section is longer than the clinical assessment it accompanies

The respondent, an academic pharmacologist, states that the analytical section occupies more of the monograph than the assessment of clinical effect, and that the proportions imply the Institute considers the analytical question the more important one.

The respondent proposes that the analytical material be moved to the standards series and referenced rather than reproduced.

Declared interest. Is a practising clinician who prescribes compounds in the class under assessment. No financial relationship with any manufacturer.
Secretariat responseAccepted in part22 Feb 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission in part. The general analytical material is moved to the standards series and referenced. The compound-specific material stays, because a reader holding a certificate for this compound needs to know what that certificate does and does not establish for this compound.

The analytical section is reduced to compound-specific content and cross-references the relevant standards for the general procedure, which shortens it substantially without removing what is not available elsewhere.

Dr Lorcan Uttridge, MD, PhD, FESC ISO/IEC 17025-accredited contract testing laboratory
DRAFT-GHK-CU-MONOG/002 received 29 Jan 2025

What happens when the compound is stopped is not addressed

The draft assesses the effect of the compound while it is being taken. The respondent, who declares having used a compound in the class under prescription, states that the question a person actually faces is what happens afterwards, and that the monograph is silent on it.

The respondent proposes that the trajectory after discontinuation be an assessed outcome wherever any contributing trial measured it, and a recorded evidence gap wherever none did.

Declared interest. Has previously served as an investigator on a trial included in the evidence base under consultation. Received no personal payment; institutional payment was made to the trial site.
Secretariat responseAccepted10 Mar 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission. The omission was one of framing rather than of evidence, and the framing followed the trials rather than the decision.

Discontinuation trajectory is now an assessed outcome in every monograph where a contributing trial measured it, and a recorded evidence gap in every monograph where none did, so that its absence is visible rather than silent.

Dr Sigrún Lavrentiev, PhD (Toxicology) Health-technology assessment agency
DRAFT-GHK-CU-MONOG/005 received 02 Feb 2025

Every contributing trial shares one sponsor and the monograph does not say so

The respondent, who has published a systematic review of this literature, states that all of the contributing trials for the principal outcome were conducted by a single sponsor, and that this is a property of the evidence base rather than a criticism of any individual trial.

The respondent proposes that sponsor concentration be recorded as a characteristic of the evidence base in the certainty assessment rather than as a note in the discussion.

Declared interest. Employed by a university department that has received unrestricted research funding from a manufacturer of a compound in the class under assessment. The respondent had no role in that funding.
Secretariat responseAccepted09 Mar 2025

The secretariat accepts this submission. Sponsor concentration bears on what an independent replication would add, and the draft recorded it where a reader was least likely to see it.

Sponsor concentration is now stated with the certainty rating, and the monograph records how many independent sponsors contributed evidence to each assessed outcome.

Dr Jacinta Steenkamp-Ferreira, PharmD, PhD University teaching hospital, department of endocrinology
DRAFT-GHK-CU-MONOG/007 received 08 Feb 2025

The monograph should state what the compound costs

The respondent states that a reader deciding whether to pursue treatment needs to know what it costs, and that omitting price makes the assessment less useful than it could be.

The respondent proposes that a price range be recorded for each compound with the source and date.

Declared interest. Holds a personal shareholding, below the Institute's materiality threshold, in a diversified fund with pharmaceutical sector exposure. No direct holding in any named company.
Secretariat responseNot accepted19 Feb 2025

The secretariat does not accept this submission. Price varies by jurisdiction, payer, presentation and date to a degree that no single figure could survive, and a stale price is worse than no price.

No price is recorded. The monograph records the presentations available and the regulatory status in each jurisdiction, which are the facts the Institute can verify and maintain. The submission remains published in full.

References cited on this page

References are numbered in order of first citation in this document. Each superscript in the text links to its entry below.

  1. International Organization for Standardization. ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories. ISO/IEC Standard 2017;3rd edition. identifier not held by the Institute

Identifiers are reproduced only where the Institute holds them. Where a digital object identifier or PubMed identifier is not shown, the Institute has recorded the journal and year and has not constructed an identifier.

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